Laser processing is an advanced, non-contact manufacturing method based on thermal energy. It offers fast processing, limited mechanical deformation, low machining noise, narrow cuts, efficiency and the precision needed for digital production. It has been described as a “universal processing tool of the twenty-first century” for engineering materials and has been studied and applied to metals, ceramics, plastics and wood. China has relatively limited timber resources, particularly valuable species. As demand increases, improving overall utilisation and product value is an important manufacturing priority. Advanced laser processing can improve production yield and, in suitable processes, surface bonding and finishing characteristics. These improvements can ease the pressure between resource supply and growing demand while improving product quality.
The main wood-processing applications include the following:
1. Laser cutting
Laser cutting offers speed, adaptability, narrow kerfs and automated control. Non-contact processing can reduce deformation, cracking and material waste. In suitable wood-cutting applications, fast, accurate processing and a smooth cut can reduce subsequent finishing. These characteristics make laser systems an economically relevant alternative to traditional methods.
2. Laser engraving
Laser engraving is a surface-decoration method that can add value to wooden products. A focused beam converts optical energy into heat, causing local pyrolysis and charring. Controlled removal of surface material forms the patterns, images or text specified in software.
3. Laser heat treatment
Laser heat treatment is one method of modifying a wood surface. Thermal irradiation produces physical and chemical changes that alter surface characteristics and appearance. Applications under study or use include changing colour and wettability, improving coating performance and increasing resistance to decay or mould.
4. Laser marking
Early industrial laser applications concentrated on cutting and welding. With sources ranging from nanosecond to femtosecond pulses, applications have expanded to marking, selective ablation and surface engraving of materials including metals, ceramics, polymers and wood. Marking and engraving use the same basic interaction: laser irradiation changes a local surface to form an image or text.